Concluding remarks
The challenges in strengthening competences for a democratic culture are manifold. This handbook is intended to be an initial guide for dealing with the topic in the context of social work and youth work. It is a start for further necessary research, testing and evaluation. The RFCDC, developed in 2017, is a recent tool that can be used in different areas of formal and non-formal education, but always needs further development. In this context, exchange with the target group is of central importance. In the future, a participatory approach should make it possible to involve social and youth workers as well as young people themselves in the further discussion about the needs and possibilities of strengthening their resilience against anti-democratic phenomena. Regular exchange among different actors is just as important as building mutual trust and paying special attention to vulnerable or structurally disadvantaged groups. There is much to do. The solution cannot be found in educational issues alone. It is also and above all a matter of combating structural inequalities, making democracy more inclusive and representative, enabling equal opportunities, institutionalising participatory dialogue forums and strengthening democratic skills.
Additional sources of information: Educational and teaching materials for those who want to find out more (in English)
- https://www.internetmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/EAH_Parents_Top_Tips_English_AW_Interactive.pdf - A guide on how to talk to children about radicalisation and extremism
- https://actearly.uk/spot-the-signs-of-radicalisation/what-to-look-for/ - A guide to early identification of radicalisation
- https://educateagainsthate.com/category/teachers/classroom-resources/ - Training materials for teachers (e.g. on hate speech, stereotyping, conspiracy theories)
- https://www.ltai.info/downloads/ - Training materials for parents on how to talk to young people about radicalisation
- https://icct.nl/handbook-of-terrorism-prevention-and-preparedness/ - Handbook on Terrorism Prevention and Preparedness
- https://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/pestalozzi/Source/Documentation/Workshops2016/EventWshops22oct2016.pdf - Workshop programme on the prevention of online hate speech
- https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1318744.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A6c0de38b635f9f4ceba9630fbd8c7204 - Scenario for a lesson on stereotypes related to origin/ethnicity
- https://www.edutopia.org/blog/5-minute-film-festival-talking-about-race-and-stereotypes - Materials/short movies talking about race and stereotypes
- https://www.racialequitytools.org/curricula/rel-modules - Anti-racism material
- https://www.cumbria.gov.uk/elibrary/Content/Internet/537/6381/6387/40828163710.pdf - A guide on teaching about race and prejudice
- https://www.adl.org/education/educator-resources/lesson-plans/responding-to-violence-and-hate - Lesson scenarios against racism, hate speech
- https://www.pshe-association.org.uk/curriculum-and-resources/resources/addressing-extremism-and-radicalisation-lesson - Lesson scenarios addressing extremism and radicalisation
- https://www.youthandpolicing.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Teacher-guidance-lessons-resources_KS4.pdf - Teacher's guide with lesson plans on inclusion, belonging and addressing extremism
- https://www.safe4me.co.uk/portfolio/prevent-radicalisation-and-extremism/ - Educational material on preventing radicalisation and extremism
- https://www.wigan.gov.uk/Docs/PDF/Council/Schools-Portal/i/IntroductiontoCUEsecondaryResources.pdf - Lesson plans, learning resources and background information to support schools in combating violent extremism
- https://education.gov.scot/improvement/learning-resources/safeguarding-prevent-in-education/ - Resource for preventing radicalisation and extremism
- https://www.lbhf.gov.uk/children-and-young-people/schools-and-colleges/school-staff-zone/prevent-and-schools/prevent-and-schools-resources-and-lesson-plans - Resources and lesson plans on the topics of countering extremism, Internet and digital awareness, stereotyping and the media
- https://preventforfeandtraining.org.uk/ - Website of an organisation dedicated to counteracting radicalisation and extremism
- https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/prevent-and-counter-extremism-in-general-further-education-colleges - Research and analysis on how to prevent and counter extremism in further education colleges
- https://www.teachingcitizenship.org.uk/resource/exploring-issues-extremism-and-radicalisation-through-enquiry-act-building-resilience - Website with resources on countering radicalisation and extremism